Amoxil/Amoxil Forte Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Amoxil is a semisynthetic aminopenicillin of the β-lactam group of antibiotics. It has a broad-spectrum of antibacterial activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, acting through the inhibition of biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide. Amoxicillin is however, susceptible to degradation by β-lactamases and therefore, the spectrum of activity does not include organisms which produce these enzymes including resistant staphylococci and all strains of Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Enterobacter.
It is rapidly bactericidal and possesses the safety profile of a penicillin.
The prevalence of acquired resistance is geographically and time dependent and for select species may be very high. Local information on resistance is durable, particularly when treating severe infections. (See Table 1).

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Pharmacokinetics: Amoxil/Amoxil Forte is well absorbed. Oral administration, usually at convenient 3 times daily dosage produces high serum levels independent of the time at which food is taken. It gives good penetration into bronchial secretions and high urinary concentrations of unchanged antibiotic.
Amoxicillin is not highly protein bound, approximately 18% of total plasma drug content is bound to protein. Amoxicillin diffuses readily into most body tissues and fluids, with the exception of the brain and spinal fluid. Inflammation generally increases the permeability of the meninges to penicillins and this may apply to amoxicillin.
The major route of elimination for amoxicillin is via the kidney. Approximately 60-70% of Amoxil/Amoxil Forte is excreted unchanged in the urine during the first 6 hrs after administration of a standard dose. The elimination half-life (t_½) is approximately 1 hr. Amoxil/Amoxil Forte is also partly excreted in the urine as the inactive penicilloic acid in quantities equivalent to 10-25% of the initial dose.
Concurrent administration of probenecid delays amoxicillin excretion.
Small amounts of amoxicillin are also excreted in feces and bile.